E-Recruiting : Anforderungen und Präferenzen von HR-Professionals

Karnal bunt disease in wheat is caused by hemibiotrophic fungus, Tilletia indica that has been placed as quarantine pest in more than 70 countries. Despite its economic importance, little knowledge about the molecular components of fungal pathogenesis is known. In this study, first time the genome sequence of T. indica has been deciphered for unraveling the effectors' functions of molecular pathogenesis of Karnal bunt disease. The T. indica genome was sequenced employing hybrid approach of PacBio Single Molecule Real Time (SMRT) and Illumina HiSEQ 2000 sequencing platforms. The genome was assembled into 10,957 contigs (N50 contig length 3 kb) with total size of 26.7 Mb and GC content of 53.99%. The number of predicted putative genes were 11,535, which were annotated with Gene Ontology databases. Functional annotation of Karnal bunt pathogen genome and classification of identified effectors into protein families revealed interesting functions related to pathogenesis. Search for effectors' genes using pathogen host interaction database identified 135 genes. The T. indica genome sequence and putative genes involved in molecular pathogenesis would further help in devising novel and effective disease management strategies including development of resistant wheat genotypes, novel biomarkers for pathogen detection and new targets for fungicide development

Assignment of Gene ontology (GO) term for predicted genes of <i>T</i>. <i>indica</i> genome into three categories: cellular component, molecular function and biological process.

<p>Assignment of Gene ontology (GO) term for predicted genes of <i>T</i>. <i>indica</i> genome into three categories: cellular component, molecular function and biological process.</p

Phylogenetic tree showing relationship of <i>T</i>. <i>indica</i> genome with genomes of other phytopathogenic fungi.

<p>Maximum Likelihood tree was constructed using ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2 sequences using MEGA version 7, (Tamura 3-parameter model) with 1000 bootstraps.</p

GPCR in different fungal genomes ^*.

<p>GPCR in different fungal genomes ^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0171323#t003fn001" target="_blank">*</a>}.</p

Synteny analysis of <i>T</i>. <i>indica</i> genome with other smut fungi, <i>U</i>. <i>maydis</i>, <i>U</i>. <i>hordei</i> and <i>S</i>. <i>reilianum</i>.

<p>Synteny analysis of <i>T</i>. <i>indica</i> genome with other smut fungi, <i>U</i>. <i>maydis</i>, <i>U</i>. <i>hordei</i> and <i>S</i>. <i>reilianum</i>.</p

Comparison of the Assembly statistics of PacBio SMRT and Illumina HiSeq 2000 Sequencing of the draft genome of <i>T</i>. <i>indica</i>.

<p>Comparison of the Assembly statistics of PacBio SMRT and Illumina HiSeq 2000 Sequencing of the draft genome of <i>T</i>. <i>indica</i>.</p

General features of the assembly statistics of hybrid assembly of draft <i>T</i>. <i>indica</i> genome.

<p>General features of the assembly statistics of hybrid assembly of draft <i>T</i>. <i>indica</i> genome.</p

RNA-seq of Rice Yellow Stem Borer Scirpophaga incertulas Reveals Molecular Insights During Four Larval Developmental Stages

The yellow stem borer (YSB), Scirpophaga incertulas, is a prominent pest in rice cultivation causing serious yield losses. The larval stage is an important stage in YSB, responsible for maximum infestation. However, limited knowledge exists on the biology and mechanisms underlying the growth and differentiation of YSB. To understand and identify the genes involved in YSB development and infestation, so as to design pest control strategies, we performed de novo transcriptome analysis at the first, third, fifth, and seventh larval developmental stages employing Illumina Hi-seq. High-quality reads (HQR) of ∼229 Mb were assembled into 24,775 transcripts with an average size of 1485 bp. Genes associated with various metabolic processes, i.e., detoxification mechanism [CYP450, GSTs, and carboxylesterases (CarEs)], RNA interference (RNAi) machinery (Dcr-1, Dcr-2, Ago-1, Ago-2, Sid-1, Sid-2, Sid-3, and Sid-1-related gene), chemoreception (CSPs, GRs, OBPs, and ORs), and regulators [transcription factors (TFs) and hormones] were differentially regulated during the developmental stages. Identification of stage-specific transcripts made it possible to determine the essential processes of larval development. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that YSB has not evolved much with respect to the detoxification mechanism, but showed the presence of distinct RNAi machinery. The presence of strong specific visual recognition coupled with chemosensory mechanisms supports the monophagous nature of YSB. Designed expressed sequenced tags-simple-sequence repeats (EST-SSRs) will facilitate accurate estimation of the genetic diversity of YSB. This is the first report on characterization of the YSB transcriptome and the identification of genes involved in key processes, which will help researchers and industry to devise novel pest control strategies. This study also opens up a new avenue to develop next-generation resistant rice using RNAi or genome editing approaches